Write the advantages and limitations of tidal energy.

Advantages of Tidal Energy

1. Inexhaustible Source
   • Tidal energy is renewable and doesn’t depend on rainfall or seasonal variations.
2. Pollution-Free
   • No fuel is used, so it produces no air pollution, toxic waste, or greenhouse gases.
3. Land-Saving
   • Tidal plants are built along bays or estuaries, requiring less land than other power stations.
4. Supports Peak Load
   • When used along with thermal or hydroelectric systems, it can efficiently meet peak power demands.

Limitations of Tidal Energy

1. Variable Output
   • Tidal energy depends on tidal range, which varies, causing inconsistent power generation.
2. Efficiency Issues
   • Turbines must operate over a wide range of head levels, which affects their efficiency.
3. Intermittent Operation
   • Power can be generated only at specific times during the tidal cycle, making it non-continuous.
4. Limited Tidal Range
   • In many locations, the tidal height is low, which reduces potential energy.
   • Earlier, only Kaplan turbines could be used, which were not ideal. Now, reversible bulb turbines have improved this.
5. Unpredictable Timing
   • Though the power cycle duration is predictable, the timing shifts daily, making grid integration harder.
   • This is now better managed with computerized scheduling.
6. Corrosion of Equipment
   • Seawater is corrosive, posing a risk to machinery.
   • Solved using stainless steel, aluminum bronzes, and protective paints like vinyl coatings.