Definition:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, or people that are assigned unique identifiers (UIDs) and have the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
Characteristics of IoT
- Connectivity
- IoT devices are connected to the internet, enabling communication and data exchange between devices and systems.
- Sensing and Actuation
- Devices are equipped with sensors that monitor environmental changes.
- They can also perform actions (actuation) based on sensor data.
- Data Processing
- Collected data can be processed locally (edge computing) or in the cloud.
- This allows for real-time responses and smarter decisions.
- Interoperability
- IoT devices are designed to work together regardless of their brand, platform, or operating system.
- Enables seamless integration and communication across systems.
- Security
- Since IoT often handles sensitive or personal data, strong security measures are essential to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.
- Scalability
- IoT systems can grow or shrink depending on requirements.
- New devices can be added easily as the network evolves.
- Energy Efficiency
- Many IoT devices operate on batteries, so energy-efficient hardware and communication protocols are essential to prolong operational life and minimize maintenance.