Automation in Industry
Definition:
Automation refers to the use of technology—including machinery, computers, and software—to perform tasks and processes with minimal human intervention. The primary objectives are to enhance efficiency, productivity, and accuracy while minimizing labor costs and human error.
Automation ranges from simple, repetitive tasks like form filling to complex operations in manufacturing, logistics, and data analysis. It can either completely replace human labor or augment human decision-making and abilities.
Types of Automation:
- Fixed Automation:
- Uses specialized machines to perform a specific task repeatedly.
- High initial setup cost but highly efficient for mass production.
- Examples: Assembly lines, conveyor belts, robotic welding, machining transfer lines (e.g., in automobile industries).
- Programmable Automation:
- Machines can be programmed to perform different tasks.
- Suitable for batch production where product design changes periodically.
- Examples: CNC machines, PLCs, industrial robots, car and ice cream manufacturing systems.
- Flexible Automation:
- Machines can be reconfigured or reprogrammed easily for different tasks.
- Best suited for customized or variable production needs.
- Examples: Shipbuilding, aeroplane and submarine manufacturing, robotic arms with interchangeable tools.