Write a short note on i. PHA ii Whey proteins
Answer:-
i. PHA
- Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters produced by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
- They are a type of bioplastics made from renewable resources, such as sugar and cornstarch
- They are considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.
PHAs have several properties that make them ideal for use as bioplastics that include
- Biodegradability: PHAs are biodegradable and can break down into water and carbon dioxide, reducing their impact on the environment.
- Biocompatibility: PHAs are biocompatible and can be used in medical devices, such as sutures and implants, without causing adverse reactions in the body.
- Mechanical properties: PHAs have similar mechanical properties to traditional petroleum based plastics, making them suitable for various applications.
- Processing: PHAs can be processed using conventional plastic processing techniques, such as injection molding, blow molding, and extrusion.
Engineering applications of PHA bioplastic
- Packaging: PHA is used in various forms of packaging such as food containers, beverage cups, and clamshell containers.
- Medical Devices: PHA is biocompatible and can be used in the manufacture of medical devices such as sutures, implants, and drug delivery systems.
- Textiles: PHA is used in the production of biodegradable textiles, as well as for the production of biodegradable composites for use in construction and furniture.
- Agricultural Mulch Films: PHA is used in the production of biodegradable mulch films for agriculture to reduce soil erosion and conserve moisture.
- Consumer Goods: PHA is used in the production of various consumer goods, such as toys, phone cases, and water bottles.
- Automotive Parts: PHA is used for the production of biodegradable automotive parts such as air ducts and headlamp covers.
ii. Whey proteins
- Whey is the watery parts of the milk remaining after the separation of proteinaceous mass that result from the coagulation of milk by acids or proteolytic enzymes.
- It is a complete protein, meaning it contains all of the essential amino acids the body needs to build and repair tissues.
- It is the largest by product of the dairy industry both in terms of volume and milk solids.
- Compared to other types of protein, whey protein is rapidly absorbed by the body and is high in branched-chain amino acids, which are essential for muscle growth and repair.
- It is also a good source of essential nutrients, including calcium, potassium, and vitamins B2 and B12.
- Whey protein is widely used as a dietary supplement, particularly by athletes, bodybuilders, and people looking to increase their protein intake.
Uses of Whey Protein
- Sports nutrition: Whey protein is often used by athletes and fitness enthusiasts to help build and repair muscle tissue, support recovery after intense exercise, and increase overall muscle mass.
- Weight management: Whey protein can be used to help manage weight by increasing satiety and reducing appetite. It can also help with weight loss by preserving muscle mass while reducing body fat.
- Health promotion: Whey protein is rich in essential amino acids and has been shown to have various health benefits, including improved immune function, lower blood pressure, and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Meal replacement: Whey protein can be used as a meal replacement, either as a drink or in a variety of food products. It provides a quick and convenient source of protein, making it a popular option for people with busy schedules or limited access to fresh foods.