Category solved model papers

Associative Cache – Set Associative Mapping

Set-associative cache architecture is a hybrid approach between: In set-associative cache, the cache is divided into multiple sets, and each set contains multiple lines (called ways). Example: 4-way Set Associative…

How Main Memory Maps to Cache Memory

Cache memory is much smaller than main memory, so not all memory content can be stored in cache at once. Therefore, a specific mapping technique is used to decide where…

Cache Memory

Cache memory is a small, fast memory placed between the CPU and main memory (RAM) to store frequently accessed data and instructions. It reduces access time, speeds up execution, and…

Firmware execution flow and Red Hat RedBoot.

Firmware is the first software that runs when power is applied to an embedded system. It helps initialize hardware and boot the operating system or application. Execution Flow Stages: Stage…

What Happens When an IRQ or FIQ is Raised?

IRQ and FIQ Exceptions in ARM Interrupts like IRQ (Interrupt Request) and FIQ (Fast Interrupt Request) are external exceptions that temporarily pause normal program execution to handle important events like…

Interrupts in ARM

An interrupt is a mechanism that temporarily pauses the main program execution to respond to important events—like a timer overflow, data from a sensor, or a button press. Types of…

Register Allocation

Register allocation is the process where the compiler decides which local variables of a C function should be kept in CPU registers (for fast access), and which should be kept…