Generic Elements of a Blockchain: The structure of a generic blockchain consists of the following core elements. These elements are common across most blockchain platforms and define how blockchain works:…
Layman’s Definition: Blockchain is an ever-growing, secure, shared recordkeeping system in which each user of the data holds a copy of the records, which can only be updated if all…
Module-1 1]a. Define Blockchain. Explain the network view of Blockchain with a neat diagram. b. List and explain the generic elements of Blockchain. OR 2]a. Define Consensus. List the requirements…
The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, is designed to provide an operational definition of intelligence by checking whether a machine’s behavior is indistinguishable from that of a…
In reinforcement learning, model-free methods are used when: Examples: Monte Carlo (MC) Methods Temporal Difference (TD) Learning
Differences between Reinforcement Learning & Supervised Learning Reinforcement Learning Supervised Learning No supervisor; no labelled dataset initially Has a supervisor; labelled dataset available Data points are dependent; each move/action affects…
Mean-shift is a: Widely used in: How it works: Step-by-step (Algorithm ): Step 1: Choose a window (kernel) with a given bandwidth.Step 2: Place the window on a data point.Step…
DENSITY-BASED METHODS: DBSCAN DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise): Key ideas: Density connectivity concepts: DBSCAN Algorithm Advantages: Complexity: depends on number of data points and ε-neighborhood computation. GRID-BASED…
k-means Algorithm 1️⃣ Choose number of clusters, k.2️⃣ Randomly choose k initial data points as centroids.3️⃣ Assign each data point to the nearest centroid (using Euclidean distance or similar).4️⃣ Compute…
