The long-term reliability and efficiency of a solar power plant depend significantly on regular operation, maintenance, and performance monitoring. These practices ensure optimal energy output, system safety, and reduced downtime.…
1. Working Principle of a Solar PV Cell A solar photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight (solar energy) directly into electricity based on the photovoltaic effect. Construction Working Mechanism 2. I–V…
Biochemical production of hydrogen involves utilizing biological systems such as microorganisms or enzymes to generate hydrogen from organic matter. This method is considered sustainable and environmentally friendly, especially when low-cost…
A liquid flat plate collector (LFPC) is a solar thermal device that absorbs solar radiation and transfers the heat to a liquid (usually water) flowing through tubes attached to an…
Hydrogen is a clean and efficient energy carrier with a wide range of applications in transportation, electricity generation, industrial processes, and energy storage. However, hydrogen does not exist freely in…
A floating dome type biogas plant is a widely used design in India for small to medium-scale biogas production. It is particularly popular in rural and agricultural areas due to…
A pyranometer is an instrument used to measure global solar radiation (beam + diffuse) on a horizontal surface over a hemispherical field of view. It is widely used in meteorology,…
The spectral distribution of extraterrestrial radiation refers to the variation in solar irradiance with wavelength of sunlight outside Earth’s atmosphere. It spans a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum and…
Solar radiation from the sun, called solar insolation, undergoes various interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere before reaching the surface. These interactions result in absorption, scattering, and the formation of beam…
Biogas is a renewable source of energy that is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. The production and composition of biogas…
