Python is an object-oriented programming language that supports the key principles of object-oriented design. These characteristics help in creating modular, reusable, and structured code. The four main object-oriented characteristics possessed by Python are: 1. Encapsulation Encapsulation is the process of…
What is class? How do we define class? How class members are accessed? Explain with examples Class A class is a programmer-defined type that acts as a blueprint for creating objects. It encapsulates data (attributes) and functions (methods) into a…
Operator Overloading Example: Overloading + for Time class (from 17.7) Usage: Python internally calls start.__add__(duration). Five Common Operators and Their Special Methods Operator Special Method Usage Example + __add__(self, other) a + b – __sub__(self, other) a – b *…
Printing of Objects Example (from 17.6): This provides a human-readable output when printing an object. Objects Are Mutable Example (from 15.5): Modified values: Functions can also modify objects: Calling: This shows that when an object is passed to a function,…
Explain __init__() and __str__() methods with examples. Discuss type-based dispatch in Python Answer:- __init__() Method Example (from 17.5): Usage: This sets time.hour = 9, time.minute = 45, and time.second = 0. __str__() Method Example (from 17.6): Usage: Type-Based Dispatch Example…
i) Prototyping and Planning Prototyping and planning are two different approaches to software development. Prototype and Patch Approach (from 16.4): This approach is helpful when the problem is not fully understood at the beginning.However, it may lead to complex, less…
Pure Function A pure function does not modify any of the objects it receives as arguments. It only returns a new value. Example (from 16.2): Usage: This function does not alter start or duration. It returns a new Time object…
i) isinstance() Used to check if an object is an instance of a specific class. Example: This returns True if p is an instance of the Point class. ii) hasattr() Used to check if an object has a specific attribute.…
Python is an object-oriented programming language. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which can contain data (attributes) and code (methods). The following are four important object-oriented characteristics possessed by Python: 1. Class and…
A class is a programmer-defined type. A class definition creates a new class object. Defining a class: Creating an instance: Assigning attributes: Accessing attributes: Using in expressions:
