5 b] With neat sketch Explain Heart lung machine.
A heart-lung machine, also called a cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CBM) or a heart-lung bypass machine, is equipment that temporarily takes over the work of the heart and/or lungs, providing blood and oxygen to the body. This machine is used during serious procedures that require the heart to be stopped and the pump is responsible for circulating the blood, while the oxygenator replaces the function of the lungs by adding oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
Components of heart-lung machine:- The heart-lung machine includes Pump, Oxygenator, Filters, Temperature Control, And Monitoring Devices
Working:
- During surgery, the surgeon attaches special tubing to a large blood vessel.
- The machine draws deoxygenated blood from the body, pumps it through the oxygenator to add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, and then returns the oxygenated blood to the body, thus maintaining blood circulation.
- To prevent blood from clotting within the machine, anticoagulants (blood-thinning medications) such as heparin are administered.
- A third tube is inserted near or directly into the heart but not connected to the CPM.
- It is used to flush the heart with cardioplegia, a potassium solution that stops the heart. Once the cardioplegia takes effect, the CBM is initiated and takes over the heart and lung function
- Cannulas (tubes) are inserted into large blood vessels. The arterial cannula is placed in the aorta to deliver oxygenated blood back into the systemic circulation. In contrast, the venous cannula is inserted into the right atrium or superior vena cava to draw blood from the body into the machine
