Operations Performed on Lathe Machine
a. Turning Operation
Description:
Turning is the operation of removing material from the outer diameter of a rotating cylindrical workpiece to reduce its diameter to a desired size.
- The cutting tool moves parallel to the axis of rotation.
- It can be classified into rough turning and finish turning.
- Rough turning removes excess material quickly, while finish turning gives a smooth and accurate surface.
Sketch Description:
- A cylindrical workpiece is held in the chuck and rotated.
- The cutting tool is fed longitudinally.
- Material is removed in the form of chips along the length of the job.
b. Facing Operation
Description:
Facing is the process of producing a flat surface at the end of the workpiece that is perpendicular to its axis.
- The tool is fed radially inward, perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
- It is used to cut the job to the required length or to prepare a surface for further machining.
Sketch Description:
- The rotating workpiece is held in a chuck.
- The cutting tool moves from the edge to the center of the face of the workpiece.
- A flat, smooth surface is formed.
c. Knurling Operation
Description:
Knurling is a non-cutting operation used to produce a rough, patterned surface on the workpiece.
- It is done using a knurling tool that has hardened rollers with specific patterns.
- The tool is pressed against the slowly rotating workpiece.
- The purpose is to provide grip, commonly seen on handles or tools.
Sketch Description:
- The knurling tool with serrated rollers is fed against the rotating job.
- The pattern (cross, straight, or diamond) is impressed onto the job’s surface.
