Explain the following Lipids as cleaning agent and Role of glucose oxidase in biosensors

2 b] Explain the following i) Lipids as cleaning agent ii} Role of glucose-oxidase in biosensors

Lipids as cleaning agent :-

Lipids have several properties that make them suitable as cleaning agents, including their ability to emulsify and dissolve grease and oils. Additionally, lipids can form micelles, which are tiny spherical structures that can surround and trap dirt particles, making it easier to remove them; hence they are used to manufacture soap, detergents, personal care products, and others.

Working principle of lipids as a cleaning agent

The dirt present on clothes is organic in nature and insoluble in water. Therefore, it cannot be removed by only washing with water.

Step 1: When Lipid detergent is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic Tail ends attach to the dirt.

Step 2: Then the molecules of Lipid detergent arrange themselves in micelle formation and trap the dirt at the center of the cluster.

Step 3: These micelles remain suspended in the water. The dust particles are then easily rinsed away by water.

Glucose oxidase in biosensors :-

Enzymes in Biosensors: Biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biological recognition element with a transducer to detect & quantify target analytes.

• The biological recognition element can be an enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, or other biological molecule that specifically interacts with the target analyte.
• The transducer converts the biological response into an electrical signal that can be quantified and interpreted.

1. Glucose oxidase (GOx) is the enzyme commonly used in biosensors to detect glucose levels in biological fluids, such as blood and urine.
2. GOx is typically immobilized in glucose biosensors on a polymer film. The transducer in the biosensor is an electrode or other type of sensor.
3. The glucose level in the blood can be measured by applying a drop of blood to a chemically treated, disposable ‘test strip immobilized with glucose oxidase, which is then inserted into an electronic blood glucose meter
4. The enzyme catalyzes glucose oxidation to Gluconic acid. Which results in electrons removal The meter detects the electrons. The liberated electrons are directly proportional to amount of glucose present in the blood. Which displays in units of mg/dL or mmol/L.