Explain different types of exposure in work place and their effects.

8 b] Explain different types of exposure in work place and their effects.

EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO MSW

Municipal solid waste include commercial and domestic waste generated in municipal or notified areas or in either solid or semisolid form excluding industrial hazardous waste but including treated Bio-medical wastes. Problems faced due to solid wastes handling and disposal are; workers and other persons who
manually collect and process Solid waste regularly are especially at high risks. Workers are exposed to a multitude of health hazards that result from direct handling and contact with (wastes) workers will be experiencing health hazards in 3 ways these are

• Accidents,
• Infections and
• Chronic diseases.

1. The first type of health impact is accidental injuries such as cuts and injuries from
   sharp object in the wastes, muscular and skeletal disorders resulting from the handling
   heavy containers. Intoxication and injuries resulting from contact with small amounts
   of hazardous chemical wastes collecting with garbage and burns and other injuries
   result with garbage and burns and other injuries resulting from accidental occupation
   at waste disposal site or from methane gas fires or explosions at landfill site.
2. The second type of health impacts is infections caused by exposure to humans to
   Solid waste, or its products of decomposition. Blood borne infections such as tetanus
   resulting from injuries caused by infected sharp items in the waste are common.
   Ophthalmologic and dermatological infections from exposure to contaminated dust
   are also possible. Many tropical diseases transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes
   have their origins in the breeding ponds created by indiscriminate wastes disposal
   garbage forms a source of food for rates, flies and various insects. Hence typhoid,
   plague, dysentery, epidemics would occur many also result in zoonosis which results
   from bite by wild or stray animals feeding on wastes.
3. The third type of health impact is chronic disease causes by exposure to toxic
   chemicals. Incinerations operators are especially exposed to chronic respiratory
   diseases resulting from exposure to dust, to toxic and carcinogenic risks resulting
   from exposure to hazardous compounds, cardiovascular disorders and heat stress
   resulting from exposure to excessive temperature and to loss of hearing functions due
   to exposure to excessive noise

OR

EFFECTS OFEXPOSURE TO EPOXY PRODUCTS (Engineering Industry)

Epoxy products are used for paints and other surface coatings, moulded and reinforced plastics, electronic components and adhesives ranging from spray foams to dental cement. They are often used in jobs were tough durable coatings or adhesives are needed.

Health Risks Associates With Epoxy Resins
The primary risks associated with epoxy use in sensitization to the hazardous that can induce allergic RXn, the most common effects of over exposure to the chemical used in epoxy resin systems are eyes, nose, throat, skin irritation, skin allergies and asthma. The solvent additives can cause other effects such as headache, dizziness and confusion.

Lungs
Vapours and spray mists of most epoxy resin system chemicals can irritate lungs. Some people develop asthma from these agents symptoms of asthma includes chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing, these symptoms may occur after work or at night. Once a person becomes allergic to these agents even the dust from sanding or grinding causes an asthma attack.

Skin
Epoxy resins can cause skin irritations, symptoms include redness include redness swelling, flecking and itching on the hands, face or other areas of contact. Skin allergies may develop often just a few days of contact or many years of exposure.

Eyes, Nose and Throat
Most epoxy resin system chemicals and their vapour can irritate our eyes, nose and throat. Some people develop headache as a result of this irritation. If liquid are splashed into eyes they can severely damage the eyes. In that case, immediately rinse the eyes with water continuously for 15 to 30 min and then seek medical attention.

Nerves System
Solvents inhaled or absorbed through our skin can affect central nerves system in the same way as alcoholics. Symptoms of our exposure include headache, nausea, dizziness, confusion and loss of consciousness.

Reproductive Systems
From the research it has been concluded that epoxy resin systems affects reproductions in humans as the epoxy solvents vapour inhaled by a human can reach a developing features and may contaminate the women breasts milk. Therefore, pregnant and nursing women should minimize an expose to these solvents