5. B] Discuss the need of Electric and Hybrid vehicles. List their advantages and limitations
Answer:
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles:
A hybrid vehicle combines any two power (energy) sources. Possible combinations include diesel/electric, gasoline/fly wheel, and fuel cell (FC)/battery. Typically, one energy source is storage, and the other is conversion of a fuel to energy. The combination of two power sources may support two separate propulsion systems. Thus, to be a True hybrid, the vehicle must have at least two modes of propulsion.
For example, a truck that uses a diesel to drive a generator, which in turn drives several electrical motors for all-wheel drive, is not a hybrid. But if the truck has electrical energy storage to provide a second mode, which is electrical assists, then it is a hybrid Vehicle.
These two power sources may be paired in series, meaning that the gas engine charges the batteries of an electric motor that powers the car, or in parallel, with both mechanisms driving the car directly.
Advantages EVs and Hybrid vehicles:
- 1.Environmentally Friendly
- 2.Convenience of Charging
- 3.Cost-effective
- 4.Low Maintenance
- 5.Noiseless operation
- 6.Battery life and Cost
- 7.Ease of Driving
- 8.Regenerative braking System
- 9.In case of hybrid vehicles, the vehicle is provided with duel powered drives.
Limitations/Disadvantages of Electric and Hybrid vehicles:
- 1.Expensive compare to gasoline vehicles
- 2.Battery replacement cost is very high
- 3.Battery replacement and recycling
- 4.Charging point convenience
- 5.Longer Charging time