Discuss effective measures to reduce water consumption in:

i) Residential Sector

1. Low-flow Fixtures:
   • Use of low-flow taps, showerheads, and dual-flush toilets reduces water usage significantly.
2. Fixing Leaks:
   • Regular maintenance of plumbing to fix leaky faucets and pipes.
3. Rainwater Harvesting:
   • Collect and store rainwater from rooftops for non-potable use like gardening, washing vehicles, etc.
4. Water-efficient Appliances:
   • Use of washing machines and dishwashers with higher water efficiency ratings (like 5-star rated).
5. Public Awareness:
   • Educating residents on water-saving habits such as turning off taps while brushing or using buckets instead of hoses.

ii) Agricultural Sector

1. Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation:
   • Reduces water wastage by delivering water directly to plant roots.
2. Scheduling Irrigation:
   • Irrigating during early morning or late evening to reduce evaporation.
3. Use of Mulching:
   • Applying a layer of organic material on soil helps retain moisture.
4. Crop Selection:
   • Grow less water-intensive crops based on local climate and water availability.
5. Water Recycling and Storage:
   • Build farm ponds, check dams, and reuse wastewater where possible.

iii) Industrial Sector

1. Water Recycling and Reuse:
   • Install Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) and reuse treated water for cooling, cleaning, or gardening.
2. Adoption of Cleaner Technologies:
   • Shift to closed-loop systems that minimize water intake and discharge.
3. Regular Water Audits:
   • Conduct water audits to identify areas of excessive use and improve efficiency.
4. Employee Training:
   • Train industrial workers on water-saving practices and leak detection.
5. Use of Smart Meters:
   • Monitor and optimize water usage with digital flow meters.