Explain the applications of enzymes in biosensors and Bio- bleaching
Answer:-
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions. They enhance the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
Enzymes in biosensors:
- Biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biological recognition element with a transducer to detect and quantify target analytes.
- The biological recognition element can be an enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, or other biological molecule that specifically interacts with the target analyte. The transducer converts the biological response into an electrical signal that can be quantified and interpreted.
Enzymes in Bio- bleaching:
- The use of biological agents such as enzymes or in the removal of colour is termed as bio bleaching.
- Used for brightening fibers, paper, and textiles.
- It is a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical bleaching methods that use harsh chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide and chlorine.
- Lignolytic enzymes, such as laccases, peroxidases, and manganese peroxidases, are used in bio-bleaching to remove color and brighten fibers, paper, and textiles.
- These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of colored impurities in the fibers, resulting in a brighter and more uniform colour.
- The lignolytic enzymes used in bio-bleaching are typically produced by fungi or bacteria, and are immobilized on a support, such as a ceramic bead or a cellulosic matrix, to ensure stability and prolonged activity