MVC (Model-View-Controller) Architecture in Java
MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a design pattern used for developing user interfaces that separates an application into three interconnected components:
1. Model
- Represents the data and business logic of the application.
- Interacts with the database or backend services.
- Notifies the view when the data changes.
Example: A Student class with fields like name, id, and methods to fetch/save data.
2. View
- Responsible for the presentation layer (UI).
- Displays data received from the Model.
- Sends user actions (like button clicks) to the Controller.
Example: A Swing window (JFrame) that shows student details.
3. Controller
- Acts as a middleman between Model and View.
- Handles user input from the View and updates the Model.
- Then, refreshes the View with updated data.
Example: When a user submits a form, the Controller validates and updates the model.
Diagram Representation:
+-------------+
| View | <----------+
+-------------+ |
| User Input |
v |
+-------------+ |
| Controller |-----------+
+-------------+
|
v
+-------------+
| Model |
+-------------+
|
v
(Data Source / DB)
Real-World Analogy (Simple Example):
Imagine a student result portal:
- Model: Student class that stores name, marks, and logic to calculate grade.
- View: GUI page that shows name and grade.
- Controller: Takes input from a search box, calls Model, and updates the View.
Advantages of MVC:
- Separation of concerns – Clear distinction between UI, data, and logic.
- Maintainability – Easy to manage and modify components.
- Reusability – Model and View can be reused independently.
- Testability – Components can be tested in isolation.