E-R to Relational Mapping Algorithm (Step-by-Step with Examples) The E-R to Relational Mapping Algorithm converts an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram into a Relational Schema (set of tables). This is essential to…
Relational algebra includes set theory operations because relations (tables) are treated as sets of tuples (rows). These operations work on two relations that are union-compatible (i.e., same number of columns…
Discuss Equijoin & Natural Join with examples. Answer:- 1. Equi Join Definition: Example: Assume we have the following tables: Query using Equi Join: Key Point: 2. Natural Join Definition: Example:…
Write SQL queries for Sailors-Boats-Reserves database: 1. Find colors of boats reserved by Alber. 2. Sailor IDs with rating ≥ 8 or who reserved boat 103. 3. Sailor names who didn’t reserve boat…
Explain Entity Integrity Constraint & Referential Integrity Constraints. Why is each important in a database? Answer:- 1. Entity Integrity Constraint Definition: The Entity Integrity Constraint states that: Why It’s Important:…
Explain different update operations on relational databases. How do basic operations deal with constraint violation? Update Operations in Relational Databases In a relational database, update operations are used to modify…
Demonstrate the concepts of Generalization & Specialization with examples. Answer;- Specialization
Cloud architecture development faces several open challenges. These are identified as obstacles and also opportunities for improvement. Armbrust et al. have highlighted some key architectural challenges that affect cloud systems.…
Explain the different Relational Model constraints Answer:- In the Relational Model of DBMS, constraints are rules that ensure data accuracy, integrity, and consistency in a database. There are 4 main…
A key feature of cloud is virtualization, which hides the physical details from users. Hardware Virtualization Virtualization Support in Public Clouds Storage Virtualization for Green Data Centers Virtualization for IaaS…
