Stark

Derive an expression for de Broglie wavelength by analogy and explain its significance Answer:-

Calculate the population ratio for a transition with wavelength 694.3 nm at 300 K. Formula: The population ratio between two energy levels is given by the Boltzmann equation: htmlCopyEditN₂ / N₁ = exp( -ΔE / kT ) Where: Population Ratio…

Explain point-to-point communication using optical fibers. Answer:-

Discuss the applications of LASER in: Bar-code scanners, LASER cooling Applications of LASER i) LASER in Bar-code Scanners Bar-code scanners use LASER diodes (typically red LASERs like He-Ne) for reading printed barcodes. Working Principle: Advantages: ii) LASER Cooling LASER cooling…

Given Numerical Aperture (NA) = 0.30 and refractive index of core = 1.49,calculate the critical angle at the core–cladding interface. Answer:- Given: Calculate the critical angle (θc) at the core–cladding interface. Step 1: Find Refractive Index of Cladding (n₂) We…

Physical significance of WaveFunction : Physical Interpretation Answer:-

Setup the Schrödinger time-independent wave equation in one dimension.

Answer:- An electron with kinetic energy of 500 keV is in vacuum. Calculate: Assume mass = rest mass of electron. Given: 1. Group Velocity: Using the classical formula:vg = √(2 × K.E. / m) Substituting:vg = √(2 × 8 ×…

A fiber of length 1500 m has input power of 100 mW and output power of 70 mW. Find the attenuation coefficient Formula: The attenuation coefficient is given by: α = -(10 / L) × log₁₀(Pout / Pin) Given: Substitution:…

A LASER emits a power of 10−310^{-3} W. Calculate the number of photons emitted per second if the wavelength is 692.8 nm. Solution: We use the formula: Where: Step 1: Energy per photon Step 2: Number of photons per second…